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21 Kasım 2024, Perşembe
Fahiş fiyatlarla mağdur edilen milyonlarca vatandaşa uyarı! O marketlere dava açabilirsiniz Devlet fahiş fiyatlar sonrası harekete geçti ve vatandaşları mağdur eden şirketlere ceza yağdı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dekanı Prof. Dr. Rauf Karasu, tüketicilerin Rekabet Kurulu 'nun ceza kestiği zincir marketlere dava açabileceklerini söyledi. Prof. Dr. Rauf Karasu yaptığı açıklamada, "Haksız rekabetin tespiti halinde tüketiciler her sektördeki işletmeye karşı tazminat davası açabilir." dedi. Prof. Dr. Karasu, Rekabet Kurumu 'nun soruşturması kapsamında 5 zincir markete ve bir tedarikçi şirkete 29 Ekim'de toplam 2,7 milyar lira civarındaki idari para cezası kesilmesine ilişkin değerlendirmelerde bulundu.
Rekabetin Korunması Hakkında Kanunun 57. maddesine göre, kanuna aykırı davrananların, bu işten zarar görenlerin her türlü zararını tazmine mecbur olduğunu vurgulayan Karasu, şunları kaydetti:
"Tüketiciler, müşteriler ve esnaflar zincir marketlerden satın aldıkları mal karşılığında ödedikleri bedelle, rekabet sınırlanmasaydı veya fiyatlar anlaşılarak belirlenmeseydi ödemekte olacakları bedel arasındaki farkı zarar olarak talep edebilirler. Ayrıca, şunu da vurgulayalım ki ortaya çıkan zarar, zincir marketlerin anlaşması ya da kararı veya ağır ihmalinin olduğu hallerden kaynaklanmaktaysa, hakim, zarar görenlerin talebi üzerine, uğranılan maddi zararın ya da zarara neden olanların elde ettiği veya elde etmesi muhtemel olan karların üç katı oranında tazminata hükmedebilir.
Ben müşteri olarak bir malı 1000 liraya satın aldım. Rekabet sınırlanmasaydı veya fiyatlar birlikte belirlenmemiş olsaydı bu malı 500 liraya alabileceğimi ispatlarsam malı satan zincir market bana 1500 lira ödeme yapmak zorunda kalacak. Benim zararım 500 lirayken 1500 liraya alıyorum. Burada zararın tazmini yanında rekabeti engelleyerek fiyat belirleyen firmaların cezalandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Dolayısıyla zincir marketler zararın üç katı oranında tazminat ödemek zorunda kalabilir."
Karasu, tüketicilerin zincir marketlere açacakları davalar için yaptıkları alışverişi fiş ve faturayla belgelemesi gerekebileceğini dile getirerek, "Yargıtay bazı kararlarında, tüketicilerin dava açması için Rekabet Kurulu kararının kesinleşmesinin beklenmesi gerektiğine hükmetmiştir. Doktrinde de bu konuda görüş birliği bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle Rekabet Kurulu kararına karşı dava açmayan zincir marketlere karşı kararın tebliğinden 60 gün sonra müşteriler tazminat davası açabilir. Zira dava açma süresi geçtikten sonra karar kesinleşmiş oluyor. Ancak kararı yargıya taşıyan firmalara karşı dava açmadan önce ilgili yargı kararının kesinleşmesini beklemek daha uygun olur diye düşünüyorum." dedi.
"TTK'nin 56. MADDESİNE GÖRE..."
Karasu, fahiş fiyat nedeniyle zarar gören tüketicilerin Rekabetin Korunması Hakkında Kanun dışında Türk Ticaret Kanunu (TTK) hükümlerine göre de zararın tazmini için dava açabileceğini belirterek, şu bilgileri paylaştı:
"Girdi maliyeti ve döviz kuru artışı gibi fiyat değişimlerinden etkilenmemesine rağmen bu durumlardan etkileniyormuş gibi hareket ederek fiyat artıran dürüstlük kuralına aykırı davranmış olur. Dürüstlük kuralına aykırı davranışlar ile ticari uygulamalar TTK'nin 54. maddesine göre haksız rekabet sayılmıştır. Söz konusu bu eylem aynı zamanda TTK'nin 55/1-e hükmüne göre iş şartlarına uymama kapsamında da haksız rekabet sayılır. Haksız rekabet hallerinde zarar gören tüketiciler ve tüketici sayılmayan diğer müşteriler, TTK'nin 56. maddesine göre tazminat davası açabilir. Haksız rekabetin tespiti halinde tüketiciler her sektördeki işletmeye karşı tazminat davası açabilir. Rekabet Kurumunun kararına da ihtiyaç yok. Müşteriler açacakları dava ile ödedikleri fazla ücretin iadesini ve ispat etmek şartıyla başka zararların tazminini talep edebilirler."
"BU CEZALAR UMARIM CAYDIRICI OLUR"
Fahiş fiyatların önlenmesi konusunda Rekabet Kurumunun yanında Haksız Fiyat Değerlendirme Kurulu'na da yetki ve görev verildiğine dikkati çeken Karasu, "Bu cezalar umarım caydırıcı olur ve zincir marketler birlikte hareket ederek fiyatları belirlemezler. Ancak zincir marketler dışında birçok sektörde kur artışları ve maliyet yükselişleri bahane edilerek fahiş fiyat uygulayan işletmeler var. Bu sektörlerde de fahiş fiyatlar tespit edilerek gerekli cezalar verilmelidir." değerlendirmesinde bulundu.
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